
Artemis II’s Avatar organs aim to map cosmic health risks before astronauts reach deep space
NASA’s Artemis II carries USB-sized “avatar” organ chips made from astronauts’ bone marrow to simulate organs and study how space radiation and microgravity affect health. The AVATAR study seeks early, personalized health data from blood, saliva, sleep and immune biomarkers to tailor medical kits for long missions, while researchers track the RIDGE hazards of space travel to better prepare for future lunar and Mars exploration.












