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Genome Sequencing

All articles tagged with #genome sequencing

Wild brown bullhead catfish reveal first transmissible cancer documented in fish
science1 month ago

Wild brown bullhead catfish reveal first transmissible cancer documented in fish

Scientists studying brown bullhead catfish in Lake Memphremagog found melanoma in 23%–37% of sampled fish, and whole-genome sequencing revealed that the tumors across fish are strikingly similar and come from a single cancer cell line, indicating a transmissible cancer—the first known case in fish and the first documented in a freshwater species. The route of transmission is not yet known (close contact during spawning is a possibility), and there is no evidence humans are at risk from these fish or the lake water.

via Yahoo|
#brown-bullhead-catfish#genome-sequencing#lake-memphremagog
Wild Catfish Carry First Known Case of Transmissible Cancer, Study Finds
science1 month ago

Wild Catfish Carry First Known Case of Transmissible Cancer, Study Finds

Researchers studying brown bullhead catfish from Lake Memphremagog found a high rate of melanoma and, using whole-genome sequencing, evidence that the tumors in multiple fish are from a single cancer cell lineage that appears to spread between fish, marking the first known transmissible cancer in a fish and in a freshwater setting. Transmission may occur during close contact such as spawning, though the exact route isn’t proven. There’s no evidence this cancer affects humans or other species, but the finding could help scientists understand how cancer cells evade the immune system and persist across hosts.

via ABC News - Breaking News, Latest News and Videos|
#catfish#genome-sequencing#lake-memphremagog
Tiny but mighty: sequencing tardigrades to unlock all life’s genomes
science1 month ago

Tiny but mighty: sequencing tardigrades to unlock all life’s genomes

Wellcome Sanger Institute researchers are collecting tardigrades from moss to sequence their genomes using a picogram-input method that extracts DNA and RNA from a single specimen and amplifies the material with PCR. The Tree of Life programme now sequences about 48 genomes per week, adding to a growing catalog that already includes thousands of genomes; tardigrades’ very small genomes and remarkable resilience may reveal genes behind desiccation and cryptobiosis, with potential biomedicine and biotechnology insights.

via The Guardian|
#genome-sequencing#science#single-tardigrade-sequencing
Lanmaoa asiatica Hallucinations Likely Driven by Unknown Compound, Not Classic Psychedelics
science1 month ago

Lanmaoa asiatica Hallucinations Likely Driven by Unknown Compound, Not Classic Psychedelics

Scientists sequenced 53 Lanmaoa mushroom samples and found no close matches to genes producing known psychedelics such as psilocybin or ibotenic acid in Lanmaoa asiatica, implying an unidentified metabolite causes the distinctive undercooked-mushroom visions of tiny people; the work also identifies two new Lanmaoa species and establishes a genomic framework for taxonomy and future research.

via ScienceAlert|
#genome-sequencing#lanmaoa-asiatica#lilliputian-hallucinations
Mushroom triggers tiny-people visions, leaving scientists puzzled
science1 month ago

Mushroom triggers tiny-people visions, leaving scientists puzzled

A Lanmaoa asiatica mushroom may cause highly detailed, three‑dimensional tiny-people hallucinations, a unique effect not seen with other fungi. The exact psychoactive compound and brain mechanism are unknown, and researchers are sequencing the mushroom’s genome while testing candidate substances in mice. Visuals of miniature beings appear about 12–24 hours after ingestion and can last for days, even when users are otherwise sober, with culinary varieties of the mushroom commonly used in parts of Asia.

via New York Post|
#genome-sequencing#lanmaoa-asiatica#lilliputian-hallucinations
Genomics in the Measles Debate: Is the U.S. Still Endemic?
health2 months ago

Genomics in the Measles Debate: Is the U.S. Still Endemic?

ProPublica analyzes more than 1,800 full measles genomes to assess whether the Texas–Utah outbreaks reflect continuous transmission in the U.S. and risk losing the PAHO measles-free designation; while Utah's viruses share a close genetic fingerprint with Texas strains, mutations suggest a link, but sequencing alone cannot prove endemic spread without epidemiological context, making the outcome as much a political and public-health question as a scientific one.

via ProPublica|
#genome-sequencing#health#measles
Greenland shark genome reveals clues to century-long lifespan
science2 months ago

Greenland shark genome reveals clues to century-long lifespan

Scientists have completed the Greenland shark's first near-complete genome (96.7% coverage), revealing genetic features linked to its extraordinary longevity and cancer resistance, including amino acid changes in linker histone proteins that may stabilize chromatin and expansions of DNA repair and immune genes, plus ferritin gene expansion suggesting enhanced iron metabolism. The findings indicate longevity likely comes from coordinated genome stability, metabolism, and immune regulation, with implications for understanding aging in humans.

via Live Science|
#aging#dna-repair#genome-sequencing
Five Founders, One Island: Amsterdam Island Cattle Defy Dwarfism Myths
science3 months ago

Five Founders, One Island: Amsterdam Island Cattle Defy Dwarfism Myths

DNA from Amsterdam Island’s five founding cows shows mixed Jersey and Indian Ocean zebu ancestry, meaning the tiny herd did not shrink via rapid island dwarfism but started small with enough genetic diversity to rebound into thousands; the study, based on eight whole genomes, upends a 2017 dwarfism claim and suggests the founders carried traits favorable for isolation, despite about 30% inbreeding, before the herd was ultimately removed to protect native species.

via The Daily Galaxy|
#amsterdam-island#cattle#founder-effect
Ancient Pine Genome Reveals a 23.8-Billion-Base Blueprint for Longevity
science4 months ago

Ancient Pine Genome Reveals a 23.8-Billion-Base Blueprint for Longevity

Scientists have produced the first complete reference genome for the 5,000-year-old Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva), a 23.8-billion-base-pair genome eight times the size of the human genome; the assembly, created with short- and long-read sequencing, reveals a genome rich in repetitive DNA and about 21,364 protein-coding genes. While some longevity-related features—such as disease-resistance genes and longer telomeres—were observed, the researchers cautioned that no single mechanism explains the tree’s lifespan. The genome provides a foundational resource for studying extreme longevity and the species’ response to environmental stress, and may inform conservation efforts.

via The Daily Galaxy|
#bristlecone-pine#genome-sequencing#longevity
Radiation-exposed fathers linked to subtle DNA changes in their children
science6 months ago

Radiation-exposed fathers linked to subtle DNA changes in their children

A Scientific Reports study analyzing whole-genome data from 130 offspring of Chernobyl cleanup workers, 110 offspring of radar operators, and controls finds a higher count of clustered de novo mutations (cDNMs) in children of irradiated parents (average 2.65 per child in the Chernobyl group, 1.48 in the radar group, 0.88 in controls), with higher parental radiation dose associated with more cDNMs. Most cDNMs occur in non-coding DNA, suggesting minimal disease risk, and the overall risk of disease in offspring remains small. The study notes limitations, including historical exposure estimates and potential participation bias, and emphasizes a transgenerational effect of prolonged low-dose ionizing radiation.

via ScienceAlert|
#cdnms#chernobyl#genome-sequencing
Woolly Rhino Genome Discovered Inside Ice-Age Wolf Pup
science7 months ago

Woolly Rhino Genome Discovered Inside Ice-Age Wolf Pup

In Siberian permafrost, scientists recovered a chunk of woolly rhinoceros tissue inside the stomach of one of two mummified Tumat wolf pups, enabling the first full genome of an Ice Age animal reconstructed from inside another Ice Age animal. The rhinoceros died about 14,400 years ago; its genome shows healthy genetic diversity up to near extinction, supporting climate change as the key driver of its demise rather than inbreeding. The finding highlights the value of preserved ancient DNA for understanding past ecosystems and informs conservation lessons for modern species facing warming and human pressures.

via NBC News|
#ancient-dna#extinction#genome-sequencing