
Modifiable Risk Factors May Prevent Up to 45% of Dementia Cases, Study Finds
A Medscape rapid review summarizes evidence that dementia could be substantially preventable by addressing modifiable risk factors. Hearing loss is the strongest factor (RR 1.9; AR 8.2%), with depression (RR 1.9; AR 3.9%), air pollution (AR 2.3%), lower education (AR 7.1%), and smoking (AR 5.2%) also contributing. The 2024 Lancet Commission adds high LDL cholesterol and vision loss to the risk-factor list. By intervening on these factors, roughly 40–45% of global dementia cases could be prevented or delayed. Supporting strategies include controlling hypertension to keep systolic BP below 130 mm Hg from midlife and limiting alcohol use (more than 12 units/week US or 21 UK associated with higher risk), though the evidence for alcohol’s overall effect is mixed. Some factors (HRT, PTSD) lack clear links, and anxiety evidence is insufficient.






