Tag

Whole Genome Duplication

All articles tagged with #whole genome duplication

neuroscience1 month ago•92 min saved

Early genome duplications expanded vertebrate brain cell diversity

Cross-species single-cell analyses of human, mouse, lizard, lamprey and amphioxus brains show that vertebrate brain cell-type families often lack one-to-one amphioxus homologs; ohnologues from the first whole-genome duplication were especially important for vertebrate cell-type diversification, driven by dosage selection and subfunctionalization, with ohnologues continuing to enable cellular diversity across brain regions and glia.

via Nature|

#cell-type-evolution #dosage-selection #neuroscience

science2 months ago•90 min saved

Nine genome-doubling waves helped flowering plants weather Earth's crises

A Cell study of 470 flowering-plant genomes uncovered 132 independent whole-genome duplication events over the last 150 million years, organized into at least nine bursts that line up with major environmental upheavals such as global cooling/warming and mass extinctions. These genome doublings produce polyploids, often called hopeful monsters, which can enhance survival under stress despite cellular and fertility costs. The findings imply that repeated genome duplications helped flowering plants endure Earth’s climatic and ecological crises and may influence how crops respond to climate change, though future bursts would take millions of years to emerge.

via Live Science|

#angiosperms #environmental-upheaval #plant-evolution

genetics2 years ago•85 min saved

Unraveling the Hagfish Genome: Insights into Vertebrate Evolution

The sequencing and analysis of the genome of the inshore hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, sheds light on the timing and consequences of whole-genome duplication events in early vertebrate evolution. The study provides insights into the ancestral vertebrate karyotype, supports the monophyly of cyclostomes, and reveals the presence of six Hox clusters in hagfish, suggesting a distinct genome history shared by lampreys and hagfish. Additionally, the research uncovers gene family evolution and genomic changes accompanying major transitions in chordate evolution, offering essential information for comparative genomics and understanding the genetic basis of vertebrate diversity.

via Nature.com|

#genetics #genome-sequencing #hagfish

science3 years ago•3 min saved

"Genome Duplication: The Key to Species Survival During Mass Extinctions"

Geneticists have discovered a whole genome duplication (WGD) event in the common ancestor of sturgeons and paddlefish that occurred just before a significant mass extinction, potentially providing these species with advantageous genetic variations. This discovery also raises the possibility of similar overlooked WGDs in other species’ lineages, which might have contributed to survival during periods of extreme environmental changes.

via SciTechDaily|

#evolution #genetics #mass-extinction