Tag

Microproteins

All articles tagged with #microproteins

science8 days ago•8 min saved

Mediterranean Diet Reveals Hidden Cellular Anti-Aging Messengers

A USC-led study suggests that closer adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet raises mitochondrial microproteins humanin and SHMOOSE, which are linked to protection against aging-related diseases. The research found higher diet adherence correlated with increased levels of these proteins and lower oxidative stress, with olive oil, fish, and legumes connected to higher humanin and olive oil plus lower refined carbs linked to higher SHMOOSE. The work points to mitochondria-centered biomarkers and a potential precision-nutrition pathway, but is observational, so causality remains to be established.

via SciTechDaily|

#humanin #mediterranean-diet #microproteins

science8 days ago•5 min saved

Dark Proteome Unveiled: 1,785 Tiny Proteins Emerge from Hidden Genome

An international study reveals that the human genome produces a large set of previously hidden tiny proteins, called peptideins, derived from non-canonical open reading frames. The team identified 1,785 microproteins across 95,520 experiments, expanding the known proteome and suggesting some peptideins may function like real proteins. Early findings include a peptidein linked to cancer survival, hinting at future therapeutic opportunities, though much remains to understand their roles. The work underscores that the dark genome is more biochemically active than previously thought and was published in Nature.

via ScienceAlert|

#dark-genome #microproteins #non-canonical-open-reading-frames

biology20 days ago•124 min saved

Proteome expanded by microproteins and a new peptidein category

An international study standardizes evidence for thousands of non-canonical ORFs (ncORFs) and introduces the term peptidein for ncORF-encoded microproteins. Analyzing 7,264 ncORFs across 95,520 proteomics experiments, researchers find roughly 25% yield detectable peptides, and they develop an annotation framework using proteomics, immunopeptidomics, and Ribo-seq to classify ncORFs into protein or peptidein status. They also introduce ORBL and ORBLq to measure evolutionary constraint on ORFness, showing detected ncORFs often have higher constraint. The work identifies pan-essential ncORFs that meet criteria for potential protein-coding genes or peptideins and outlines a path to elevate ncORFs toward reference annotation, thereby broadening the recognized human proteome with implications for cancer biology and immunotherapy.

via Nature|

#annotation #biology #microproteins

science9 months ago•5 min saved

AI Tool ShortStop Unveils Hidden Microproteins in Human Genome

Scientists at the Salk Institute have developed a new AI tool called ShortStop that identifies and predicts the biological relevance of microproteins hidden in the dark, noncoding regions of the human genome, leading to discoveries such as a microprotein associated with lung cancer, which could serve as a future therapeutic target.

via Phys.org|

#genome #lung-cancer #machine-learning

science11 months ago•5 min saved

Unveiling the Hidden World of Microproteins

Scientists have discovered over 4,200 previously unknown microproteins across various organisms, including viruses and humans, revealing a vast, hidden universe of proteins that could be crucial for understanding biology and developing new treatments. Advances in ribosome profiling and a new method for testing viral genomes have accelerated this discovery, opening possibilities for rapid vaccine development and targeted therapies.

via The New York Times|

#biotechnology #genome-sequencing #microproteins

science3 years ago•5 min saved

The Sudden Emergence of Powerful Miniproteins in Evolution.

A new study has shown that microproteins, previously deemed unimportant, play a key role in human cellular functions and evolutionary development. The research also unveiled the smallest human proteins known, with potential implications for diseases like cardiovascular disease and cancer. The young proteins might also be heavily involved in evolutionary development thanks to comparatively rapid “innovations and adaptations.” The researchers aim to expand the experiments to include many more of the 7,000 recently cataloged microproteins – in the hope that this will reveal many as-yet-undiscovered functions.

via SciTechDaily|

#cancer #cardiovascular-disease #cellular-functions