
Early menopause linked to higher Alzheimer’s risk in women, study finds
A study of more than 2,600 women published in JAMA Network Open links earlier menopause (natural or surgical) to faster brain aging and an earlier Alzheimer’s diagnosis decades later, with white-matter changes implicated; the timing of menopause may be influenced by other health factors, though estrogen-only hormone therapy was associated with about a 35% lower lifetime risk, and surgical menopause can cause abrupt hormonal shifts affecting cognition.













