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Cd8 T Cells

All articles tagged with #cd8 t cells

science10 days ago•31 min saved

New Malaria CD8+ T Cell Targets Offer Cross-Species Vaccine Potential

Immunopeptidomics identified 453 Plasmodium vivax–derived peptides presented by HLA class I on Pv-infected reticulocytes, mapping to 166 parasite proteins. About 75 housekeeping antigens are conserved across Plasmodium species; identical peptides are presented by multiple HLA alleles, including HLA-E. Antigenicity validated in Pv- and Pf-infected humans, with T cell responses observed in blood and liver of non-human primates; two antigens also conferred protective CD8+ T cell immunity in mice. These cross-stage, cross-species antigens hold promise for a universal malaria vaccine. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD077321).

via Nature|

#cd8-t-cells #immunology #immunopeptidomics

science20 days ago•6 min saved

Hidden Cancer IDs Spotted by Helper T Cells, Opening New Immunotherapy Avenues

New findings show cancer cells that downregulate MHC I can still be targeted by CD4+ T cells via ferroptosis, expanding the role of helper T cells in cancer immunity and potentially strengthening immunotherapies beyond the traditional CD8+ T cell focus.

via ScienceAlert|

#cancer-immunotherapy #cd4-t-cells #cd8-t-cells

science1 month ago•19 min saved

GPR15 directs gut-homing CD8+ regulatory T cells to dampen intestinal inflammation

Researchers identify GPR15 as a marker and homing receptor for a mucosal subset of CD8+ regulatory T cells (CD8+ TIGR) that suppress intestinal inflammation. In humans, GPR15 variants that impair this homing are linked to severe early-onset IBD, and CD8+ TIGR are reduced in sporadic IBD. In mice, GPR15 deficiency hampers colonic homing of these cells, leading to inflammatory macrophage accumulation; CD8+ TIGR can kill activated macrophages via FasL and TWEAK, highlighting a potential new immunotherapeutic avenue for IBD.

via Nature|

#cd8-t-cells #extra-tag #gpr15

science1 month ago•5 min saved

Blocking blood-borne T cells reverses age-related memory decline in mice

A mouse study finds aging CD8+ T cells circulating in the blood promote cognitive ageing by secreting an enzyme that inflames the brain and impairs regeneration; blocking their blood-borne effects improved memory and learning in old mice, suggesting a practical blood-targeted approach to mitigate age-related cognitive decline. Parabiosis and cell-transfer experiments indicate these non-infiltrating T cells drive ageing, and aged cells can dampen memory-related gene expression in young brains.

via Nature|

#aging #blood-brain-axis #cd8-t-cells

science2 months ago•30 min saved

mRNA vaccines prime CD8+ T cells through two dendritic routes and cross-dressed MHC-I

Nature reports that mRNA–LNP vaccines prime CD8+ T cells not through the classic cDC1 cross-presentation, but via redundant input from both cDC1 and cDC2 dendritic cells; a substantial portion of priming comes from cross-dressing—peptide–MHC-I complexes transferred from non-hematopoietic cells in a type I interferon–dependent process—broadening T-cell activation to antigens not encoded by the vaccine and supporting anti-tumor immunity and memory.

via Nature|

#cd8-t-cells #cross-dressing #cross-presentation

health-and-medicine4 months ago•6 min saved

Brain Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Is Stopped by Immune Cells' Self-Destruct Switch

Researchers at UVA Health found that the brain parasite Toxoplasma gondii can infect CD8+ T cells, but these immune cells use the enzyme caspase-8 to trigger a self-destruct mechanism that kills the infected cell and the parasite inside. In mice lacking caspase-8 in their T cells, brain parasite levels were higher and outcomes worse, indicating caspase-8 is crucial for limiting brain infection. With about a third of people believed to carry T. gondii, most cases are asymptomatic, though toxoplasmosis remains a risk for the immunocompromised. The study, published in Science Advances, enhances understanding of how the immune system controls the parasite and why T cells’ self-destruction can prevent brain persistence.

via ScienceDaily|

#brain-infection #caspase-8 #cd8-t-cells

science5 months ago•83 min saved

Atlas-guided transcription-factor map unlocks CD8+ T cell programming for immunotherapy

A multi-omics atlas of nine CD8+ T cell states (RNA-seq and ATAC-seq) analyzed with the Taiji network approach reveals state-selective transcription factors that drive protective tissue-resident memory (TRM) versus terminally exhausted (TEXterm) states. The study identifies new TEXterm TFs (e.g., ZSCAN20, JDP2) and shared regulators (HIC1, GFI1), maps TF–TF networks and “waves” coordinating state transitions, and uses in vivo Perturb-seq CRISPR screens to show TEXterm TFs govern exhaustion while preserving TRM formation. Deleting TEXterm-selective TFs enhances tumor control and augments immune checkpoint blockade, with human T cells showing improved effector function upon TF disruption. Overall, the Atlas enables precise engineering of T cell states to design more effective cellular immunotherapies.

via Nature|

#cd8-t-cells #perturb-seq #science

science5 months ago•5 min saved

Brain Parasite Hijacks Immune Cells, Then Is Stopped by a Self-Destruct Switch

Researchers at UVA Health found that Toxoplasma gondii can infect CD8+ T cells in the brain. Caspase-8 triggers the infected cells to die, cutting off the parasite's life cycle. Mice lacking caspase-8 show higher brain parasite loads and worse outcomes, while normal mice clear the infection. The finding highlights a brain-specific immune defense and a potential target for treatment in at-risk individuals.

via Indian Defence Review|

#apoptosis #brain-infection #caspase-8

biology9 months ago•22 min saved

Cysteine-Rich Diet Boosts Intestinal Healing and Regeneration

Dietary cysteine enhances intestinal stem cell function by promoting CD8+ T cell-derived IL-22, which supports intestinal regeneration and homeostasis.

via Nature|

#biology #cd8-t-cells #cysteine

health2 years ago•89 min saved

"Trans-vaccenic acid enhances CD8+ T cells for improved anti-tumour immunity"

A study has found that trans-vaccenic acid (TVA), a dietary nutrient found in certain foods, enhances the function of CD8+ T cells and promotes anti-tumour immunity. TVA activates the GPR43 receptor and increases cAMP levels, leading to the activation of the CREB pathway. This results in enhanced production of cytokines, increased proliferation, and reduced exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. The findings suggest that TVA could be used as a dietary supplement to boost immune responses against cancer.

via Nature.com|

#anti-tumour-immunity #cd8-t-cells #creb-pathway

health2 years ago•5 min saved

"Beef and Dairy: Boosting Immune Response to Cancer with a Powerful Nutrient"

A study by researchers from the University of Chicago has found that trans-vaccenic acid (TVA), a fatty acid found in meat and dairy products from grazing animals, improves the ability of CD8+ T cells to infiltrate tumors and kill cancer cells. Patients with higher levels of TVA in their blood responded better to immunotherapy, suggesting its potential as a nutritional supplement to complement cancer treatments. The study highlights the importance of focusing on specific nutrients and metabolites derived from food to understand their impact on health and immunity.

via Medical Xpress|

#cancer #cd8-t-cells #health

health2 years ago•5 min saved

"The Hidden Defense: Unveiling the Human Body's Secret Weapon Against SARS-CoV-2"

Scientists at the University of Oxford have discovered that a subset of HLA class I molecules, known as HLA-E, may hold the key to a covert immune response against SARS-CoV-2. HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells, which are capable of suppressing viral replication, were found to persist at a robust level in COVID-19 patients. This finding suggests that increasing the activity of HLA-E-restricted molecules could be exploited through a targeted vaccine, particularly for immunocompromised individuals. The study provides new insights into the HLA complex and its unique response during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

via Medical Xpress|

#cd8-t-cells #health #hla-e

medical-research3 years ago•20 min saved

PD-1 preserves skin cancer immunity in CD8 T cells.

A mouse model was developed to study the role of PD-1 in maintaining peripheral tolerance towards skin-specific antigens. PD-1 prevented tissue-infiltrating antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells from acquiring a pathogenic differentiation state, secreting effector molecules, and gaining access to epidermal antigen-expressing cells. In the absence of PD-1, epidermal antigen-expressing cells were eliminated by antigen-specific CD8 T cells, resulting in local pathology. The study supports a model of peripheral T cell tolerance in which PD-1 allows antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells to co-exist with antigen-expressing cells in tissues without immunopathology.

via Nature.com|

#cd8-t-cells #checkpoint-inhibitors #medical-research

neurology3 years ago•3 min saved

"Insights into Long COVID: Immune Dysregulation, Genetic Impact, and CBT Benefits"

A small cohort study conducted by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) of the NIH in Bethesda, Maryland, found that people with long COVID neurologic symptoms had broad immune dysregulation in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with lower levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased B cells and other types of immune cells. Autonomic testing also showed dysfunction. The findings suggest that immune dysregulation may play a role in mediating long COVID and call for further investigations to confirm these changes and evaluate the role of immunomodulatory agents in clinical trials.

via Medpage Today|

#autonomic-dysfunction #cd4-t-cells #cd8-t-cells

health3 years ago•2 min saved

COVID-19 Impacts Immune Response and Long-Term Health Risks.

Stanford University researchers have found that people who contracted COVID-19 before getting vaccinated appear to have damaged a key part of their immune-cell response, with a "major reduction" in the body's quantity and quality of CD8+ T cells. The study analyzed blood samples from three groups of volunteers and found that people who had survived a COVID-19 infection before vaccination produced spike-specific CD8+ T cells at considerably lower levels compared to vaccinated people who had never been infected. Researchers emphasized the need to develop vaccination strategies to specifically boost antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses in people previously infected with COVID-19.

via New York Post |

#cd8-t-cells #covid-19 #health