All articles tagged with #physics and chemistry
Researchers used computer simulations to show gold’s surface atoms rearrange into hexagonal patterns that dramatically suppress oxidation (by about a billion to a trillion), explaining its long-lasting shine and suggesting new ways to optimize gold-catalyzed reactions.
APS’s large survey of about 1,660 participants—ranging from researchers to science enthusiasts—reveals widespread disagreement on core physics questions, from the Big Bang to quantum gravity. The Big Bang is widely seen as a hot, dense state (68%), not necessarily the absolute beginning (25%). Quantum interpretations are not universally accepted: Copenhagen leads at around 36%, with many opting for other theories or 'no opinion.' About half agree on cosmic inflation, while dark energy and ΛCDM show no clear majority, with evolving dark energy edging ahead slightly. Only a minority subscribe to specific quantum gravity views, with string theory leading among them. The results underscore that physics frontiers remain active and data and theory must advance to resolve these debates.
Physicists analyzing red trinitite from the Trinity test have identified a previously unknown silicon-calcium-iron clathrate, a nanoscale crystal structure formed by vaporized tower metals; confirmed with single-crystal X-ray diffraction and nanoscale imaging, this new phase could advance understanding of clathrates used in batteries, solar cells, and quantum devices, and provides a rare extreme-condition crystal for modeling.
A cryogenic device generates tunable, predictable phonons (quantized sound) by driving electrons through a 2D crystal, offering a new route for quantum communications—particularly where light struggles, like the deep ocean—though it requires ultracold temperatures to work.
Texas A&M has launched the Detonation Research Test Facility (DRTF), the world’s largest lab devoted to controlled explosions, featuring a 150-meter methane–air detonation tube with advanced sensors and lasers to study high-speed reactive flows, ignition, and transitions from deflagration to detonation and quenching; the research aims to advance safety, propulsion, and fundamental science across engineering and astrophysics, with Mach-5 detonations achievable in under five seconds and the project rooted in concerns from the mining community about natural gas explosions after a 2021 approval and commissioning.
A University of Wollongong physicist has built a compact fiber-optic laser system that leverages gravity’s bending of light to enable a mobile, high-precision sensing device. The ~1-meter instrument uses two long coils to compare tiny picosecond delays between light beams, a method dubbed gravity mapping that could support aerial underground surveys, submarine navigation, and geological monitoring. Described as an early proof-of-concept, the tech shows promise but researchers caution more work is needed to understand fluctuations and how gravity might influence light beyond Einstein’s postulate of a constant light speed.
A custom electron microscope shows nanodiamonds deform elastically under pressure because a relatively weak bond between their surface layer and core, amplified by a large surface-to-core ratio, concentrates strain in an interfacial zone that absorbs the shock. Smaller diamonds (around 4 nm) are about 30% more stretchy than larger ones (around 13 nm), illustrating size-dependent elasticity and offering practical knobs for nanoscale devices like nanomechanical resonators and quantum sensors.
Physicists have built a theoretical framework linking interparticle interaction strength to the momentum-kick amplitude in a strongly interacting one-dimensional quantum gas, showing a critical regime where external energy stops being absorbed due to dynamical localization. The model explains why the gas resists heating, suggests the mechanism may apply to other quantum systems, and sets the stage for future experimental tests to explore finite-size and thermodynamic-limit behavior.
USF engineers simulated reinforced rubber—rubber with carbon black—and published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showing that carbon black creates a Poisson’s ratio mismatch that prevents thinning and boosts volume, stiffness, and strength; by combining particle networks, sticky interactions, and space-filling effects, they offer a unified explanation that could reduce design trial-and-error and improve safety for critical infrastructure.
Physicists reveal a measurement-based feedback protocol that can steer a monitored quantum system’s evolution to mimic reversed time, effectively reshaping the arrow of time and enabling potential energy extraction in quantum devices; while not time travel, the approach could boost quantum batteries and algorithms, with plans to test on superconducting qubits.
Chinese researchers report the synthesis of a millimeter-sized, phase-pure hexagonal diamond by compressing graphite at 20 GPa and temperatures up to 1,900°C, with X-ray and atomic-scale imaging confirming a hexagonal crystal structure; the diamond is slightly harder and more oxidation-resistant than cubic diamonds, suggesting the long-sought material exists and could have practical uses, though the hardness gain is not the often-cited 50%.
A Queen’s University team demonstrated a light-based Ising machine built from standard telecom components that runs at room temperature and processes billions of operations per second to solve optimization tasks (like routing or protein folding) by guiding light pulses toward low-energy configurations; it’s practical for specific problems but not a general-purpose computer, with pilots planned with industry partners.
Physicists analyzing LHC data from CERN used Z bosons as markers to track quarks moving through quark-gluon plasma, confirming that this primordial soup behaves like a liquid and creates wake patterns as it’s disturbed, a finding that supports long-standing theories about the early universe and provides new ways to study the properties of this exotic fluid.