
Trinity glass hides a rare silicon-based clathrate formed in the first nuclear blast
Scientists analyzing red trinitite from the 1945 Trinity nuclear test found a previously unseen clathrate crystal, where silicon cages trap copper and calcium in 12- and 14-sided lattices—the first clathrate crystal produced by a nuclear explosion. The Trinity detonation's extreme temperatures (~2700°F/1500°C) and pressures (up to 8 GPa) likely forced atoms into unlikely configurations, expanding our understanding of mineral formation under extreme conditions.













