
SpudCell: first synthetic cell built from non-living components completes a full life cycle
Scientists report creating SpudCell, the first synthetic cell assembled from non-living components that can grow, divide, and complete a life cycle using a 90-kilobase genome; while not yet peer‑reviewed and not truly self-sustaining or evolvable, the work provides a programmable chassis for future bioengineering and explorations of what defines life.













