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B Cells

All articles tagged with #b cells

EBV reactivation in the peripheral immune system heralds MS relapse
health23 days ago

EBV reactivation in the peripheral immune system heralds MS relapse

A time-resolved study of relapsing–remitting MS patients identifies reproducible immune changes in monocytes and CD11c+ atypical B cells up to three months before relapse, enriched for genes responsive to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) lytic reactivation. Elevated EBV LMP-1 transcripts in pre-relapse B cells and expansion of gp350-expressing atypical B cells were observed, with pre-relapse transcriptional modules overlapping MS risk loci and EBNA-2–bound enhancers. The findings suggest EBV reactivation in a genetically susceptible peripheral immune environment may be a proximal precursor to relapse, though causality remains unestablished and the link to central nervous system lesion formation needs further study.

via Nature|
#b-cells#ebv#health
Mapping early β‑cell changes and immune interactions in type 1 diabetes progression
science3 months ago

Mapping early β‑cell changes and immune interactions in type 1 diabetes progression

A large-scale imaging mass cytometry study of 88 human pancreata across the type 1 diabetes spectrum profiles 16 million cells to map β-cell states and the islet–immune interface. It finds β-cells show IAPP loss in preclinical stages and increased MHC-I at onset, with no universal rise in selected ER-stress markers. Insulitic islets display IFN signatures. Early disease features include pro‑inflammatory M1/M2‑like macrophages and exhausted‑like PD1+ TIM3+ T cells whose interactions occur at the islet edge and within islets, suggesting antigen presentation and regulatory dynamics. Age-related motifs reveal more TLS-like B/T cell structures and CD11c+ macrophages in younger donors. Pseudotime analysis suggests a single trajectory from healthy to insulitic β-cells, driven by macrophage–DC–exhausted T cell axis as disease progresses. The work provides a rich resource for understanding early T1D progression and identifying potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

via Nature|
#b-cells#imaging-mass-cytometry#insulitis
B cell–driven Diabetic Kidney Disease uncovered by a high-resolution spatial atlas
science5 months ago

B cell–driven Diabetic Kidney Disease uncovered by a high-resolution spatial atlas

Researchers built a cross-platform spatial atlas of diabetic kidney disease using CosMx and Xenium, integrated with snRNA-seq to define 11 tissue niches and injury microenvironments. They identify a B cell–predominant immune microenvironment that defines a DKD subset with faster kidney function decline, and develop tissue biomarkers plus a plasma protein panel that improve risk prediction beyond clinical models; findings validated in UK Biobank and supported by plasma proteomics, highlighting biomarker-guided B cell–targeted DKD trials.

via Nature|
#b-cells#biomarkers#diabetic-kidney-disease
Somatic Mutations in B Cells May Drive Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
science5 months ago

Somatic Mutations in B Cells May Drive Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Ultra-accurate sequencing shows somatic mutations in immune cells, especially B cells, can disable immune brakes and drive thyroid autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto’s and Graves’). This polyclonal evolution suggests a new mechanism beyond inheritance and hints at precision therapies that target mutant cell clones rather than broad immune suppression.

via Neuroscience News|
#autoimmune-disease#b-cells#pd-l1
Single CAR-T dose neutralizes rare trio of autoimmune diseases
science6 months ago

Single CAR-T dose neutralizes rare trio of autoimmune diseases

A 47-year-old woman with three autoimmune diseases caused by B-cell antibodies—autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and antiphospholipid syndrome—was treated with a single dose of engineered CAR-T cells after failing multiple therapies. Following targeted conditioning chemotherapy, her blood counts normalized within a month, and 14 months later she remains symptom-free and off all medications, suggesting CAR-T therapy could offer a one-off cure for some autoimmune conditions, though this is a single case and long-term safety and applicability need further study.

via Nature|
#autoimmunity#b-cells#car-t-therapy
CAR-T Therapy for MS Aims to Target Brain B Cells to Slow Disease
health6 months ago

CAR-T Therapy for MS Aims to Target Brain B Cells to Slow Disease

U.S. researchers are testing CAR-T therapy—reprogramming a patient’s own T cells to attack overactive B cells implicated in MS—to see if it can reach the brain and slow progression. Early, small trials (including four MS patients at the Cleveland Clinic) show uncertain outcomes and potential risks like cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, with experts cautioning that this approach is highly experimental and may not be more effective than existing MS drugs. Still, findings could improve understanding of MS and guide future therapies, even if not curative.

via NBC News|
#b-cells#car-t-therapy#clinical-trials
Unveiling Age-Related Changes in Immune Function Through Multi-Omic and Single-Cell Analyses
health-and-science11 months ago

Unveiling Age-Related Changes in Immune Function Through Multi-Omic and Single-Cell Analyses

This study uses multi-omic profiling over two years to reveal that in healthy adults, immune system changes with age are characterized by stable, transcriptional reprogramming of T cells, a progressive TH2 bias in memory T cells, and altered B cell responses to influenza vaccination, with minimal influence from chronic CMV infection or systemic inflammation prior to advanced age.

via Nature|
#b-cells#health-and-science#immune-aging
Focus Shifts to Immune System Balance in Alzheimer’s Research
health1 year ago

Focus Shifts to Immune System Balance in Alzheimer’s Research

Recent research suggests that adaptive immune cells like T and B cells play a complex role in Alzheimer's disease, sometimes worsening and sometimes protecting against brain damage. This new understanding highlights the potential for therapies that rebalance immune responses, moving beyond traditional focus on protein plaques and tangles to include immune system modulation for more effective treatment options.

via Neuroscience News|
#alzheimers-disease#b-cells#health
CAR-T Therapy Shows Promise for Treating Autoimmune Diseases in Preliminary Study
medical-research2 years ago

CAR-T Therapy Shows Promise for Treating Autoimmune Diseases in Preliminary Study

CAR-T therapy, initially used in a lupus patient, has shown promising results in treating other autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis and inflammatory myositis. In a small study, 14 autoimmune patients treated with CAR-T therapy remained in complete remission without the need for immunosuppressive drugs. While these early results are encouraging, further research is needed to determine the reproducibility, long-term safety, and efficacy of CAR-T therapy in treating autoimmune diseases.

via STAT|
#autoimmune-diseases#b-cells#car-t-therapy
Mitochondrial Disorders Linked to Weaker Immune Response in Children
health3 years ago

Mitochondrial Disorders Linked to Weaker Immune Response in Children

Researchers at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) have found that children with mitochondrial disorders have a weaker and less diverse antibody response to viral infections due to altered B cell function. The study, one of the first to examine how B cells are affected in mitochondrial disease, analyzed gene activities of immune cells and discovered that B cells are less able to survive cellular stress. This weakened immune response puts children with mitochondrial disorders at a higher risk of life-threatening infections. The findings aim to guide future treatments for patients with mitochondrial disorders.

via National Institutes of Health (.gov)|
#b-cells#genetic-diseases#health