Tag

Genome Editing

All articles tagged with #genome editing

science1 month ago•14 min saved

Mammoth Comeback: Colossal’s Genome Quest to Rebuild an Ice-Age Giant

Colossal Biosciences is assembling hundreds of mammoth genomes to guide edits in the Asian elephant genome, testing changes in mice before attempting embryonic cloning to produce mammoth-like calves (potentially by 2028). The project aims to restore ecological roles of mammoths and advance conservation tools, but it faces scientific and ethical debate about whether this constitutes true de-extinction and how it would be implemented in Arctic ecosystems.

via Earth.com|

#cloning #conservation #de-extinction

health-policy1 month ago•3 min saved

FDA Unveils Plausible Mechanism Framework to Accelerate Tailored Therapies for Ultra-Rare Diseases

The FDA issued a draft guidance outlining a Plausible Mechanism Framework to accelerate approvals of genome-editing and RNA-based, individualized therapies that target the root causes of ultra-rare diseases, allowing smaller, robust studies and the use of master protocols. Sponsors must demonstrate the therapy addresses the specific disease mechanism, rely on well-characterized natural history data, and show target engagement or editing; public comments are due within 60 days.

via fda.gov|

#fda #genome-editing #health-policy

science5 months ago•12 min saved

Neanderthals Could Be Recreated in 20 Years: Should We?

Scientists are close to potentially bringing back Neanderthals within 20 years using advanced genetic technologies like CRISPR, but this raises significant ethical, legal, and practical concerns, including the feasibility of the process, the well-being of any resurrected individuals, and the moral implications of creating a new human-like species. Most experts agree that such efforts are currently unwise and ethically problematic, emphasizing the importance of preserving existing human and animal species instead.

via Live Science|

#de-extinction #ethics #genome-editing

science-and-technology6 months ago•49 min saved

Advanced Prime Editors Achieve Minimal Genomic Errors

Researchers engineered prime editors by modifying Cas9 to relax nick positioning, which promotes degradation of competing DNA strands, significantly reducing insertion and deletion errors while maintaining high editing efficiency across various loci and cell types, including human and mouse cells. These advanced editors, such as the precise prime editor (pPE), extra-precise prime editor (xPE), and very-precise prime editor (vPE), demonstrate improved fidelity and potential for safer, more accurate genome editing applications.

via Nature|

#crispr #error-suppression #genome-editing

science8 months ago•1 min saved

Snails' Eye Regeneration: Unlocking Secrets for Human Sight Restoration

Scientists are studying the freshwater apple snail's remarkable ability to fully regenerate its eyes after amputation, using genome editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, with the goal of applying this knowledge to help humans recover from eye injuries due to the structural and genetic similarities between snail and human eyes.

via The Independent|

#apple-snail #crispr-cas9 #eye-regeneration

science8 months ago•2 min saved

Scientists Achieve Large-Scale Precision Genome Editing in Eukaryotic Cells

Chinese researchers have developed advanced genome editing technologies called Programmable Chromosome Engineering (PCE) systems, enabling precise, scarless manipulation of entire chromosomes in plants and animals, demonstrated by creating herbicide-resistant rice with a 315-kb inversion, overcoming previous limitations of the Cre-Lox system.

via ScienceDaily|

#chromosome-engineering #cre-lox-system #genetic-modification

science9 months ago•2 min saved

Herpes Virus Alters Human DNA and Chromatin, but a Single Enzyme Offers Hope

New research reveals that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can alter human DNA within an hour of infection by hijacking the host's cellular machinery, specifically taking control of RNA polymerase II to facilitate rapid viral replication. The study also identifies a potential enzyme, TOP1, that could be targeted to prevent these changes and combat the virus.

via Boy Genius Report|

#dna-modification #genome-editing #herpes

science1 year ago•3 min saved

Innovative CRISPR Method Silences Genes Without DNA Cutting

Researchers at Vilnius University's Life Sciences Center have developed a novel CRISPR system that silences genes without cutting DNA, using an RNA-guided complex to recruit the enzyme DinG for gene suppression. This method, which involves the formation of R-loops, offers a safer alternative for gene modification, potentially advancing genome editing and biotechnology applications.

via Phys.org|

#biotechnology #crispr #dna

science1 year ago•4 min saved

CRISPR Gene Editing: Unintended Risks and Side Effects Unveiled

Researchers at the University of Zurich have discovered that using CRISPR to correct genetic defects in chronic granulomatosis can inadvertently cause new genetic issues. While they successfully inserted missing DNA letters in immune cells, the process sometimes led to missing or rearranged chromosome sections, potentially causing severe medical consequences like blood cancer. Despite testing alternative methods, the team couldn't fully eliminate these side effects.

via SWI swissinfo.ch in English|

#chronic-granulomatosis #crispr #genetic-defects

science-and-technology2 years ago•2 min saved

"Renewed Genome-Editing Research: Chinese Scientist Jailed for Designer Babies Speaks Out"

Chinese scientist He Jiankui, who was jailed for creating the world's first genome-edited babies, has resumed research on human embryo genome editing for treating genetic diseases while claiming to adhere to international rules. He aims to use discarded human embryos and comply with both domestic and international regulations, denying any current intent to produce more genome-edited babies. He emphasized the safety and health of the three genome-edited children, while expressing regret for the haste of his previous research. Genome editing is a technique involving precise modifications to genes, and various countries restrict the use of edited human embryos for creating babies.

via The Mainichi|

#bioethics #designer-babies #genetic-diseases

science-and-technology2 years ago•7 min saved

"Unlocking the Potential of Junk DNA in Birds for Gene Therapy"

A new gene therapy technique called Precise RNA-mediated INsertion of Transgenes (PRINT) leverages retrotransposons found in birds to safely insert genes into a "safe harbor" in the human genome, avoiding disruption of essential genes or potential cancer risks. This approach complements CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing by providing a method to insert whole genes into the genome, offering promise for treating hereditary diseases caused by various mutations in the same gene. The technique involves using a retroelement protein called R2 to efficiently insert genes into the genome, particularly into the ribosomal RNA encoding region, providing a safe and effective method for gene supplementation.

via Phys.org|

#crispr-cas9 #dna #gene-therapy

science-and-technology2 years ago•6 min saved

"Reviving the Dodo: Scientists' Progress in De-Extinction Efforts"

Scientists are using stem cell technology and genome editing to bring back the extinct dodo, with US startup Colossal Biosciences leading the ambitious $225 million project to "de-extinct" the species more than 350 years after it was wiped out from Mauritius. The company also aims to revive the woolly mammoth and Tasmanian tiger. By gene-editing the skin cells of the dodo's closest living relative, the Nicobar pigeon, and using a living surrogate mother, scientists hope to see the first lab-grown dodo born within this decade. The project involves collaboration with The Mauritian Wildlife Foundation to restore ecosystems and find a suitable location for the dodos once they are grown in the lab.

via Daily Mail|

#de-extinction #dodo #genome-editing

science-and-technology2 years ago•3 min saved

"Next-Generation CRISPR: Advancements in Precision Gene Editing"

The recent development of CRISPR-COPIES by the Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) represents a significant advancement in genetic engineering, streamlining the identification of optimal genetic integration sites and accelerating the pace of scientific discovery and innovation. This high-tech upgrade to the CRISPR/Cas system offers a powerful and accessible tool for precision genome editing, with applications spanning agriculture, biofuel production, and gene therapy, promising to drive forward the boundaries of what’s possible in genetic engineering.

via Earth.com|

#bioinformatics #crispr #crispr-copies

science-and-technology2 years ago•1 min saved

"Advancing Targeted Gene Editing: CRISPR Delivery Breakthroughs"

Scientists have developed enveloped delivery vehicles (EDVs) that can transport CRISPR genome editing tools to specific cells for precise genome engineering within living organisms. These EDVs, created by Nobel Prize winner Jennifer Doudna's lab, have the potential for widespread therapeutic use and were shown to successfully target and edit the genomes of human cells in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The research establishes a programmable delivery method for genome editing and highlights the potential for targeted in vivo engineering of tissue-resident stem cells.

via Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News|

#crispr #genome-editing #in-vivo-engineering

science-and-technology2 years ago•3 min saved

"Regulating Genome Engineering: The Role of Anti-CRISPR Proteins and Off-Switches"

Researchers have identified two anti-CRISPR proteins, AcrIC8 and AcrIC9, that can "turn off" the broad and unidirectional genome editing activity of the type I CRISPR protein Cas3, paving the way toward safer and better-controlled CRISPR applications. These proteins work by blocking the CRISPR-associated complex for anti-viral defense (Cascade) from engaging DNA targets, inhibiting Cas3-induced DNA deletion and gene activation. This discovery sets the stage for improved type I editing outcomes through temporal, spatial, tissue-specific, and light- or drug-controlled Acr regulation, offering tunable control beyond a simple on-off switch.

via Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News|

#anti-crispr-proteins #cas3 #crispr