All articles tagged with #habitability
Perseverance found nickel-rich rocks in Neretva Vallis (32 of 126 samples with nickel up to 1.1% by weight) often attached to iron-sulfide minerals and organic compounds, pointing to a water-influenced, reducing environment at Jezero Crater and making nickel potentially bioavailable for ancient Martian life, hinting at longer-lived habitable conditions.
Astronomers propose that moons orbiting free-floating, starless rogue planets could stay warm enough for liquid water for billions of years thanks to tidal heating and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres that trap heat via collision-induced absorption (CIA). Using radiative-transfer (HELIOS) and chemistry (GGchem) codes, the study shows such exomoons could maintain long-term habitability even without a sun, though the models rely on simplifications (e.g., dry atmospheres, constant gravity) and future work will add clouds and water-vapor effects. This expands the search for life beyond traditional, star‑dependent habitable zones.
New simulations suggest Earth-sized moons orbiting free-floating, starless rogue planets could remain warm enough to keep liquid water on their surfaces for up to 4.3 billion years, thanks to tidal heating and insulating hydrogen atmospheres, potentially expanding habitable environments beyond traditional stellar zones.
NASA's Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS), launched in January 2026, has delivered the first ultraviolet images of nearby low-mass stars, confirming its UV-sensitive detectors and readiness for science operations. Over about a year it will monitor around 20 stars to study how their flares and UV activity affect orbiting exoplanets, a key step in understanding planetary atmospheres and habitability.
NASA's SPARCS CubeSat released its first ultraviolet images, validating its detectors and filters and kicking off a year-long program to monitor flares from low-mass stars in order to assess how stellar activity could affect the habitability of their orbiting planets and inform future UV missions.
Researchers suggest exomoons orbiting rogue planets—worlds ejected from their stars—could sustain liquid water for up to 4.3 billion years if their hydrogen-rich atmospheres trap heat via high-pressure molecular interactions, with tidal heating from the host planet providing the energy, offering a plausible path to habitability without a sun.
CHEOPS observations reveal four planets orbiting the red dwarf LHS 1903 far closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun: two rocky super-Earths and two gaseous mini-Neptunes. The outermost planet, surprisingly rocky, challenges standard models that predict rocky worlds close in and gas giants farther out, suggesting an 'inside-out' assembly in which gas was depleted by inner planets or the atmosphere was stripped after formation. With a mass of about 5.8 Earth masses and a surface temperature around 60°C, it could be marginally habitable, and future JWST studies could probe its atmosphere.
A new look at Galileo data detected faint ammonia near Europa’s fractures, implying a subsurface ocean or ammonia-laden shallow layers and boosting the case for habitability; the upcoming Europa Clipper mission will continue to search for chemical signs of life.
A 2022 Juno flyby analysis estimates Europa’s ice shell in the observed region to be about 29 kilometers (18 miles) thick on average. If a warmer, convective inner layer exists, the total thickness could be greater; the presence of dissolved salt could reduce thickness by roughly 4.8 kilometers. Near-surface “scatterers” (cracks/pores) are likely small and not major pathways for exchange with the ocean. These findings help constrain how the subsurface ocean might connect to the surface and inform upcoming Europa Clipper and Juice missions in assessing the moon’s habitability.
NASA’s Juno used its Microwave Radiometer to measure Europa’s near-surface ice shell during a 2022 flyby, finding an average thickness of about 29 km (18 miles) in the observed region and favoring thicker-shell models; if a salty layer exists, thickness could be reduced by about 3 miles. The data also reveal small near-surface scatterers—cracks and pores—not likely to provide major nutrient pathways to the subsurface ocean, with implications for future Europa Clipper and Juice missions.
A Nature Astronomy study suggests that some super-Earths (about 3–6 times Earth's mass) may sustain long‑lived magnetic fields not from a core dynamo but from a basal magma ocean layer between the core and mantle, potentially protecting atmospheres and improving habitability; while detecting such fields remains challenging, future observations could test this BMO‑driven dynamo scenario.
A comprehensive survey of over 2,000 nearby K-type stars reveals many are stable, long-lived, and prime candidates for hosting habitable planets, making them key targets for future exoplanet studies despite current observational biases.
A study predicts that in about 250 million years, Earth's continents will form a supercontinent called Pangea Ultima, leading to extreme global temperatures, widespread heat stress, and reduced habitability, which could threaten mammalian survival and offer insights into planetary habitability beyond Earth.
A new analysis of data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft suggests that Saturn's moon Titan does not have a subsurface ocean of liquid water, as previously thought, but instead has a thick ice crust with a layer of slush and meltwater pockets, which could significantly alter the search for life on Titan.
Scientists have identified a new tectonic regime called the 'episodic-squishy lid' that could explain how planets like Earth and Venus evolve differently, impacting their habitability. This regime describes a planet's outer shell cycling between quiet and active phases, which may have played a role in Earth's development of plate tectonics and could help identify potentially habitable exoplanets. The findings, published in Nature Communications, offer new insights into planetary geology and the conditions that support life.