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Planetary Science

All articles tagged with #planetary science

Researchers Identify Hexagonal Close-Packed Ice Phase at Extreme Pressures
science3 days ago

Researchers Identify Hexagonal Close-Packed Ice Phase at Extreme Pressures

A team led by Alexis Forestier has successfully created hexagonal close-packed (HCP) ice in a laboratory setting, achieving conditions that mimic the interiors of ice giants like Neptune and Uranus. Using a diamond anvil cell and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, the researchers compressed water to over 200 GPa and heated it to approximately 2,000 K. This new phase, distinct from previously known forms like body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) ice, provides critical data for modeling planetary cores. The findings, published in Physical Review Letters, expand the known phase diagram of water and offer new constraints for understanding the deep interiors of gas giants, where direct observation is impossible.

Mars North Pole Ice Cap Found to Be 90% Cleaner Than Previously Estimated
science5 days ago

Mars North Pole Ice Cap Found to Be 90% Cleaner Than Previously Estimated

A new study corrects a major error in Mars science, revealing that the north polar ice cap contains only about 3% dust by mass, rather than the previously estimated 25%. Researchers Aditya Khuller and Pari Mohan used Earth-based snow models to analyze data from the Phoenix lander and orbiters, finding that the ice is layered like an 'ice-cream sandwich' with seasonal dust frost covering cleaner, older ice. This finding impacts models of Martian climate history and potential habitability.

Mars North Pole Ice Found to Be 3% Dust, Not 25%
science8 days ago

Mars North Pole Ice Found to Be 3% Dust, Not 25%

A new study published in npj Space Exploration corrects a major error in Mars science, revealing that the north polar ice cap contains only about 3% dust by mass, rather than the previously estimated 25%. Researchers Aditya Khuller and Pari Mohan used Earth-based snow models to analyze data from the Phoenix lander and orbiters, finding that the ice is layered like an 'ice-cream sandwich' with seasonal dust frost covering cleaner, older ice. This finding impacts models of Martian climate history and potential habitability.

LLNL Laser Experiments Correct Diamond Melting Curves for Fusion and Planetary Science
science10 days ago

LLNL Laser Experiments Correct Diamond Melting Curves for Fusion and Planetary Science

Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have corrected long-standing errors in diamond melting temperature estimates by using laser-driven shock experiments. By blasting diamond samples and tracking the process with X-ray diffraction, they found previous theoretical and experimental data were off by hundreds of degrees. This updated data is critical for improving inertial confinement fusion (ICF) efficiency at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and for modeling carbon behavior in ice giants like Neptune. While the findings do not impact magnetic confinement fusion for power generation, they significantly enhance our understanding of diamond under extreme planetary pressures.

LLNL Laser Shocks Reveal Diamond Melts at 12,680°F and Floats on Its Own Melt
energy15 days ago

LLNL Laser Shocks Reveal Diamond Melts at 12,680°F and Floats on Its Own Melt

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers resolved a 20-year dispute over diamond's melting point by using the OMEGA laser to shock-compress tiny diamond samples. The team measured a melting temperature of 12,680°F (7,300 K) at 145 million psi, aligning experimental data with quantum simulations. A key finding is that solid diamond floats on its own liquid, similar to ice on water, indicating the liquid phase is denser. This data improves models for ice-giant interiors and suggests gentler initial shocks could enhance fusion energy gain at the National Ignition Facility (NIF).

Deep Earth Gravity Tug-of-War Explains Decadal Shifts in Day Length
science16 days ago

Deep Earth Gravity Tug-of-War Explains Decadal Shifts in Day Length

A new study in Nature reveals that gravitational forces between Earth's inner core and mantle are the primary driver of small, multidecadal changes in the length of a day. Researchers Huifeng Zhang and Mathieu Dumberry found that this gravitational torque competes with electromagnetic and mechanical forces, creating a balance that subtly alters planetary rotation by milliseconds over decades.

Deep Earth Core Dynamics Drive Decadal Shifts in Day Length
science17 days ago

Deep Earth Core Dynamics Drive Decadal Shifts in Day Length

A new study in Nature identifies gravitational, electromagnetic, and topographic coupling between Earth’s inner core and mantle as the primary drivers of multidecadal changes in the length of a day. Researchers Huifeng Zhang and Mathieu Dumberry found that gravitational torque from the inner core primarily influences these shifts, while the other two mechanisms act as buffers. These deep interior interactions have altered the day’s length by several milliseconds between the early 1970s and 2021, offering new constraints on the physical properties of Earth’s deep layers.

New Model Pinpoints 4.33 Billion-Year-Old Window for Earth’s RNA World
science17 days ago

New Model Pinpoints 4.33 Billion-Year-Old Window for Earth’s RNA World

A new study in Nature Communications identifies 4.33 billion years ago as the optimal time for the 'RNA World' to emerge on Earth. Researchers used 3D modeling to show that asteroid bombardment ceased around 4.4 billion years ago, allowing crustal temperatures to stabilize. This window precedes the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) by roughly 130 million years, narrowing the timeline for life’s origins.

Australian Trenches Exposed as Surface Scars of Deep Cave Collapses
science17 days ago

Australian Trenches Exposed as Surface Scars of Deep Cave Collapses

Researchers have identified that mysterious linear trenches across Australia's Nullarbor Plain are not river channels but surface expressions of deep, collapsing cave systems. Led by Matej Lipar, the study utilized electrical resistivity tomography and digital modeling to prove these shallow depressions sit atop extensive underground cavities. The findings challenge previous hydrological assumptions and provide a diagnostic method for identifying similar hidden structures on Mars and other planets.

Mercury Shrinks Faster Than Thought, Rewriting Inner-Core Clues
science23 days ago

Mercury Shrinks Faster Than Thought, Rewriting Inner-Core Clues

German Aerospace Center researchers estimate Mercury’s global shrinkage is 10–30% faster than previously thought, implying a total contraction of about 7.5–23 km over its history. By combining contraction features with surface roughness maps, they suggest hidden deformation under rough terrain may account for the higher rate, which could indicate a larger or more complex metal core and alter models of Mercury’s geodynamics. The finding uses older MESSENGER data; higher‑resolution maps from ESA’s BepiColombo arriving in 2026 are expected to refine the estimate further.

Venus Moon Mystery Solved by Spin and Tides, Not a Second Catastrophe
planetary-science23 days ago

Venus Moon Mystery Solved by Spin and Tides, Not a Second Catastrophe

A new study shows Venus’s moonless state can arise from normal tidal evolution after a single giant impact, not a later catastrophe. Whether a moon could survive depends on Venus’s early spin: a fast spin (day <12 hours) could allow a moon to last billions of years; a slower spin would drag it inward and tear it apart within tens of millions to a few billion years. Different interior dissipation models converge for slow spins but differ for fast spins with massive moons. Debris disks from impacts tend to either fall back or place any moon at the tidal survival boundary. Thus Venus-like exoplanets may generally struggle to retain large moons, with climate implications.